Long Term Metformin Use And Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Metformin is a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes. It works by reducing the amount of glucose in the blood. However, long term use of metformin can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. In this article, we will discuss how metformin affects vitamin B12 levels in the body and what can be done to prevent or treat vitamin B12 deficiency.
How Metformin Affects Vitamin B12 Levels
Metformin works by reducing the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. This happens because metformin changes the pH balance in the gut, making it more acidic. When the pH balance is altered, it can affect the absorption of vitamin B12. Over time, this can lead to a deficiency in vitamin B12.
Studies have shown that long term use of metformin can lead to a decrease in vitamin B12 levels in the body. One study found that people who took metformin for more than 4 years had a 19% higher risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency compared to those who did not take the medication.
Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 is important for the proper functioning of the nervous system and the production of red blood cells. When there is a deficiency in vitamin B12, it can lead to a variety of symptoms such as:
- Weakness and fatigue
- Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet
- Difficulty walking
- Mood changes
- Pale skin
- Memory loss
- Confusion
If left untreated, vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to serious complications such as nerve damage, anemia, and even dementia.
Preventing and Treating Vitamin B12 Deficiency
There are several ways to prevent or treat vitamin B12 deficiency in people who take metformin:
- Supplementation: Taking vitamin B12 supplements can help to increase the levels of this vitamin in the body. It is recommended that people who take metformin for more than 4 years should have their vitamin B12 levels checked regularly and take supplements if necessary.
- Diet: Eating foods that are rich in vitamin B12 such as meat, fish, and dairy products can also help to increase the levels of this vitamin in the body.
- Reducing dosage: In some cases, reducing the dosage of metformin can also help to prevent or treat vitamin B12 deficiency.
Conclusion
Long term use of metformin can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. It is important for people who take this medication to have their vitamin B12 levels checked regularly and take supplements if necessary. Eating a diet rich in vitamin B12 can also help to prevent or treat vitamin B12 deficiency. By taking these steps, people who take metformin can reduce their risk of developing serious complications associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.