Normal Range Of Vitamin B12 In Human Body
Introduction
Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient required by the human body for several functions, including DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and proper nerve function. It is a water-soluble vitamin, and the body stores it in the liver for future use. However, the body cannot produce vitamin B12, and therefore it must be obtained from food or supplements.
Natural Sources of Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is naturally present in animal products such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. Plant-based foods do not contain vitamin B12 unless they are fortified with it. Some breakfast cereals, plant-based milk, and nutritional yeast are fortified with vitamin B12 for vegans and vegetarians.
Recommended Daily Intake
The recommended daily intake of vitamin B12 varies depending on age, gender, and other factors. The National Institutes of Health recommends the following daily intake:
- Infants (0-6 months): 0.4 micrograms (mcg)
- Infants (7-12 months): 0.5 mcg
- Children (1-3 years): 0.9 mcg
- Children (4-8 years): 1.2 mcg
- Children (9-13 years): 1.8 mcg
- Teens (14-18 years): 2.4 mcg
- Adults (19 years and older): 2.4 mcg
- Pregnant women: 2.6 mcg
- Breastfeeding women: 2.8 mcg
Normal Range of Vitamin B12 in Blood
Vitamin B12 levels in the blood are measured in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) or picomoles per liter (pmol/L). The normal range of vitamin B12 in the blood is between 200-900 pg/mL or 148-664 pmol/L. However, some labs may use slightly different ranges, and it is best to consult with a healthcare provider for interpretation of the results.
B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to several health issues, including anemia, fatigue, weakness, constipation, loss of appetite, and neurological problems such as numbness and tingling in the hands and feet. Severe and long-term deficiency can cause irreversible damage to the nervous system. Older adults, vegans, vegetarians, and people with gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease are at higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency.
B12 Supplements
B12 supplements are available in different forms, including tablets, capsules, and injections. The supplements are generally safe when taken as recommended, but excessive intake may lead to side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, and skin rash. People who take proton pump inhibitors, metformin, or other medications that affect vitamin B12 absorption may need supplements to maintain adequate levels of vitamin B12.
Conclusion
Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient required for several functions in the human body. The recommended daily intake varies depending on age, gender, and other factors. The normal range of vitamin B12 in the blood is between 200-900 pg/mL or 148-664 pmol/L. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause several health issues, and supplements may be necessary for some people to maintain adequate levels of vitamin B12.